To the west the county was bounded by the Solway Firth and the Irish Sea. These were Northumberland and County Durham to the east Westmorland to the south, the Furness part of Lancashire to the southwest Dumfriesshire to the north and Roxburghshire to the northeast. It bordered four English counties and two Scottish counties. The boundaries formed in the 12th century did not change substantially over the county's existence. The border between England and Scotland was made permanent by the Treaty of York in 1237. By 1177 the county of Carliol was known as Cumberland. The silver-mining area of Alston, previously associated with the Liberty of Durham, was also added to the new county of Carliol for financial reasons. In 1157 Henry II of England resumed possession of the area from Malcolm IV of Scotland, and formed two new counties from the former earldom: Westmorland and "Carliol". He was able to consolidate his power and made Carlisle one of his chief seats of government, while England descended into a lengthy civil war. However, on the death of King Henry I in 1135, the area was regained by Scotland's King David I. In 1133 Carlisle was made the see of a new diocese, identical with the area of the earldom. He created an Earldom of Carlisle, and granted the territory to Ranulf Meschyn. In 1092 King William Rufus of England invaded the Carlisle district, settling it with colonists. At the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 most of the future county remained part of Scotland although some villages in the far south west, which were the possessions of the Earl of Northumbria, were included in the Yorkshire section with the Furness region. The first record of the term "Cumberland" appears in 945, when the Anglo Saxon Chronicle recorded that the area was ceded to Malcolm I of Scotland by King Edmund of England. What was to become Cumberland had a complicated political history before the 12th century. 3.2 Local boards and sanitary districtsĮarly history and formation of county.3 Local government from the 19th century.1 Early history and formation of county.It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974 (excluding Carlisle from 1914) and now forms part of Cumbria. CumberlandĪrms of the former Cumberland County CouncilĬumberland ( / ˈ k ʌ m b ər l ə n d /) is a historic county of North West England, on the border with Scotland, from the 12th century until 1974. For other uses, see Cumberland (disambiguation). This article is about the former county of Cumberland in England.
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